A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or a sudden acceleration or deceleration of the brain within the skull. This movement disrupts brain nerve function and can lead to significant changes in mental clarity and cognitive ability. Although concussions may not always appear on imaging tests like CAT scans, they are serious medical conditions that require specialized care.
Many people with concussions describe feeling dazed or confused. Understanding the symptoms and knowing when to seek medical attention are crucial for proper management and recovery.
Neurologist and director of concussion care at The Center, Dr. Mary Kelley, breaks down concussions—covering symptoms, causes, and recovery.
Symptoms of a Concussion
If you suspect you or someone else has a concussion, monitor for the following symptoms:
- Loss of consciousness: Even a brief loss of consciousness warrants medical evaluation. However, most concussions do not involve losing consciousness and instead result in altered awareness.
- Confusion or memory issues: The individual may appear dazed, unable to answer simple questions, or forget the incident.
- Clumsiness or unsteady movements
- Slow speech or behavioral changes
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Dizziness
- Difficulty concentrating or remembering information
Emergency Symptoms
Seek immediate medical attention or call 911 if any of the following occur:
- Loss of consciousness
- Convulsions or seizures
- Severe confusion or inability to recognize familiar people or places
- Repeated vomiting
- Unequal pupil size
- Difficulty waking up
- Slurred speech, weakness, numbness, or lack of coordination
Risk Factors
Certain individuals are at higher risk of complications from a concussion, such as older adults on blood thinners. If someone in this category experiences a head injury, prompt medical attention is essential to rule out brain bleeding.
Evaluation and Treatment
The first step in treating a concussion is a professional evaluation. A healthcare provider experienced in concussion management can:
- Assess cognitive function, balance, vision, and any related neck injuries.
- Develop a personalized recovery plan.
- Determine if referrals to specialists, such as physical therapists, speech therapists, or neuropsychologists, are needed.
Do not attempt to judge the severity of your concussion on your own. Schedule an appointment with your primary care provider or visit a same-day care clinic. Close monitoring during the first 24-48 hours is critical, as symptoms can evolve.
Recovery
Most people recover from a concussion within a few weeks, but symptoms can persist for months in some cases. Recovery time depends on factors such as the injury’s severity, history of prior brain injuries, and adherence to a recovery plan.
Key Steps for Recovery:
- Rest: During the initial days, prioritize sleep and minimize activities that strain the brain, such as screen use.
- Gradual Return to Activity: Resume light activities only after symptoms improve and with medical guidance. Avoid pushing yourself too hard, as this can prolong recovery.
- Full Recovery: Return to normal activities only when symptoms have completely resolved and your provider gives approval.
Preventing Future Concussions
To reduce the risk of repeated concussions, which can lead to long-term complications, take these precautions:
- Always wear a seatbelt in motor vehicles.
- Use approved safety equipment for sports and ensure helmets are properly fitted.
- Use age-appropriate car seats for children.
- Make living areas fall-proof, especially for older adults.
Additional Resources
For more information, visit the Concussion Center. Protecting your brain is essential to maintaining long-term health and well-being. If you suspect a concussion, don’t delay—seek medical attention promptly.
